5.1 WORLD

Area of Article : ALL

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VOL- 5, ISSUE- 1, PUNE RESEARCH WORLD (ISSN 2455-359X) JIF 3.02

Editor-in-Chief

ABSTRACT

PUNE RESEARCH WORLD 

AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

( ISSN  2455 - 359X  ONLINE )  (JIF 3.02)

 VOLUME 5 , ISSUE - 1  (MAR TO MAY 2020)

5.1.1 WORLD

Area of Article : ARCHITECTURE

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COMPARISON OF GEOGRID REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALL WITH R.C.C. RETAINING WALL WITH RESPECT TO COST & TIME

Ar. GAURAV SALUNKE & Ar. ANANT MISHRA

ABSTRACT

From year soil retention has been a problem faced by mankind. In his research for better results man has tried several ways to retain massive masses of soil ranging from bamboo, wood, and alternative materials to random detritus masonry. As time progressed RCC retaining wall has become the foremost commonly sought after solution .With the appearance of recent concepts and materials, technology has found better methods to retain heavy masses of soil. RE wall using Geogrid is new soil retaining technology have been widely used in recent years worldwide but the implementation is not up the mark in India. Here the paper focuses on the study of RCC wall and retaining walls using Geogrid for the purpose of cost and time consumption comparison. 

Keywords: Retaining Wall, Geogrid, Construction Cost & Time

5.2.2 WORLD

Area of Article : ARCHITECTURE

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COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ADOPTING RECYCLED RAIN WATER AND SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR HOUSING PROJECT IN AMBERNATH

Ar. SURENDRA PRAKASH KHANDAGALE & Ar. APARNA PANGANTI

ABSTRACT

Water scarcity was listed in 2019 by the World Economic Forum as one of the largest global risks in terms of potential impact over the next decade. India trails the world in water availability with 4% share of global water resources, 132 rank in water availability, 122 rank in water quality and per capita availability of 1545 cubic metre. In this scenario Sewage treatment and Recycled rain water system can manage water resources and also reduce the volume of mains water which means more is left to benefit the ecosystem. This paper explains the cost benefit of adopting Sewage treatment and Recycled rain water system.

Key words – Sewage treatment plant, recycled rain water, cost analysis

 

5.1.3 WORLD

Area of Article : ARCHITECTURE

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THE STUDY OF WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SUPPLY CHAIN

Ar. SAMYAK MAHAJAN & Ar. SANIYA KHAN

ABSTRACT

In supply chain management, modern warehousing firms and distribution centers are overwhelmed with information related to the flows and storage of goods and services. The efficient and effective utilization of logistics-related information can enhance firms' ability to reduce costs while simultaneously improving customer satisfaction. Warehouse management systems (WMS) are frequently implemented and used with these goals in mind. In addition, a research agenda is offered to guide future efforts related to WMS. At a same time, Inventory management is a science about specifying the placement of stocked goods. It is required at different locations within a facility or within many locations of a supply network to precede the regular and planned course of production and stock of materials. In today’s competitive market environment companies are continuously forced to improve their warehousing operations. This paper highlights the findings of the study to evaluate performance levels and enhance productivity of the warehouses by developing better solutions to various distribution and to analyze the impact of effective and efficiency warehousing on enhanced preservation of stock & overall cost reduction and also to find out various factors affecting efficiency and effectiveness of warehouse system.

Key words – Warehouse management system, supply chain, cost benefit analysis, Supply chain and Warehouse Management, warehousing Improvement, Layout,

5.1.4 WORLD

Area of Article : ARCHITECTURE

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DEMOLITION OF STRUCTURE, TECHNIQUE AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Ar. NIKHIL GADAVE & Prof. Ar. ANANT MISHRA

ABSTRACT

: Back in 1950 importance was not given to planning as a result we see unplanned residential buildings, commercial areas and industrial development except few well planned and developed areas. Earlier people used to get settle adjoining the river so that they get ample amount of water but in today’s modern age development is been carried out in every region. Old settlements do have organic development in heart of cities resulting stress on basic amenities. Old structures have crossed the age of 50 years and are not in proper condition to with stand the live load, this structures are now not appropriate for habitant as per new codes and specification formulated recently by the NBC laws and TP laws. Hence it is need of hour to demolish such structures with appropriate technology and skills. This research paper is focused on study of demolition method and their advance techniques, planning, safety of labors. The paper also examines comparative analysis between various techniques of demolition.

Key words – Demolishing, Habitant, Codes and Specification, NBC laws and TP laws, Organic development.

5.1.5 WORLD

Area of Article : ARCHITECTURE

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USE OF ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY - CASE OF METRO CONSTRUCTION

Ar. VAIBHAV VISHNU WANKHEDE & Er. SUMESH SAWANT

ABSTRACT

Automation system used in construction sites can efficiently reduce construction time and increase safety by replacing human in dangerous operations. Construction robots are defined as field robots and while operating in dynamic environment. Robotic systems have become common in many manufacturing and production operations because they have proven to be more robust, safe, efficient, accurate and productive. There are specific areas of application in which robots could benefit the industry. Feasibility of using robots in building construction is determined from comparison of robotic versus manual performance of pertinent building tasks.

Key words – Automation system, Construction robots

5.1.6 WORLD

Area of Article : ENGINEERING

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EQUIVALENT STATIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURE USING SAP 2000

DEEPAK LIMBAJI RATHOD & SANDEEP P. DONGARE

ABSTRACT

The structural design requirements of an offshore platform subjected to wave induced forces and moments in steel jacket can play a major role in the design of the offshore structures. For an economic and reliable design, good estimation of wave loadings is essential. A linear static analysis of an offshore platform under wave loading is presented the structures discretised using the finite element method. The offshore steel structure, four legged jacket platform is considered. For this study structure consists of four legs, four piles and topside platform. The jacket is supported on pile. The wave and current forces acting on the structure are computed by using stoke 5th order equation, which decomposes the total force into an inertia component and a drag component. The structure is nearly 136 ft deep and three different configurations of models with lateral bracing are use for offshore structure. The equivalent static load analysis done in  this study, using the  SAP2000 V20 software  helps  to analyze  and  predict  the  performance  of  structure ,  when  subjected to various load cases which will help in future to design it properly and accurately.  The various loads such as wave load for using stokes 5th order  law and also dead load, live load, wind load both have been used to calculate the Natural time period , Mode shape and Displacement due to wave loading.

Keywords: Offshore Structure, Nonlinear Analysis, Finite Element Analysis, Wave Structure Interaction, Wave Loading, Wind Loading.

5.1.7 WORLD

Area of Article : LITERATURE

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ENGAGING WITH THE OTHER: FARID ESACK’S ‘ON BEING A MUSLIM’

SHARDOOL THAKUR

ABSTRACT

Though the religious ‘Other’ has always been a vilified entity, it doesn’t necessarily have to be so. The 'Other ' plays an important role in shaping one's religious identity in a more meaningful way, as Farid Esack’s memoir On Being a Muslim: Finding a Religious Path in the World Today shows. Esack is an internationally known South African Muslim scholar, speaker, and social activist, who played an important role in South Africa’s fight to end apartheid. This paper focuses on the intense spiritual crisis that Esack went through as a student in a religious seminary in Karachi, and how his Christian friends from Breakthrough, a group of Liberation theologians struggling to make sense of living as Christians in a fundamentally unjust and exploitative society, helped him to cope with this crisis. Inspired by Breakthrough’s commitment to social and gender justice, Esack borrowed many of their ideas, reinterpreting them in a Muslim context as he became increasingly involved in a struggle against apartheid back in native South Africa. This fruitful experience with the religious ‘Other’ helped Esack rework his identity as a Muslim, an identity going beyond a mechanical adherence to the five pillars of Islam and locating it in a broader and a wider frame of reference, which as Esack describes it, “cannot be done in isolation from the struggle to work against unjust socio-economic systems”. Thus, Esack’s memoir holds important lessons on how the ‘Other’ can also work as a balm to help cure human inter relations, which often seem to be on the verge of breakdown. 

5.1.8 WORLD

Area of Article : LITERATURE

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SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE MECHANISMS FROM BOURDIEU’S PERSPECTIVE

MOHAMMED A. A. AL-ASBAHY & DR. SYED ALEEMUDDIN

ABSTRACT

Through ages, violence has taken many forms, direct and indirect, hidden and apparent, starting with physical violence in its simplest form passing through different kinds, until reaching symbolic violence that takes many manifestations to include all forms of intangible violence that harm others through language, speech or different expressions. Symbolic violence is a modern concept that originated in the second half of the 20th century in the works of the French Sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu. This concept has received widespread attention and become the focus of many sociological analysis studies that have dictated dominance, power, and class differentiation. Symbolic violence is mysterious and hidden violence, is concealed behind many socially, culturally, ideologically and, religiously behaviors. This type of violence is reflected in our daily lives using many methods to control others, possess their hearts, and enslaving them as well. This research paper aims at identifying violence and its various types in general. Furthermore, to shed more light on the concept of symbolic violence and its three mechanisms practiced in societies from Bourdieu’s perspective using the descriptive research approach.

Key words: Violence, Symbolic Violence, Mechanisms

5.1.9 WORLD

Area of Article : MANAGEMENT

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A STUDY ON THE PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN IN PRIVATE BANKING SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO JALGAON DISTRICT

DR. PRABHAKAR S. MAHALE

ABSTRACT

Banking sectors working women in India were facing with a lot of challenges than their counterparts in the other parts of the world. Currently banking sector is flourishing towards high rate that the women have to work for longer hours to uphold the standard of living as well as accomplish their basic needs. Indian woman today has embraced a life in the corporate world as well as begun to make her moves beyond a corporate career and into Entrepreneurship. While a corporate career gives woman the financial independence and growth to prove her abilities, being an Entrepreneur takes her beyond that and into a world where she get an opportunity to carve a notch for herself and also make a difference. Having a career poses problems and challenges for women due to their family responsibilities.

5.1.10 WORLD

Area of Article : MANAGEMENT

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EFFECT OF ONLINE FOOD BUYING BEHAVIOUR BY MILLENNIALS

RANU KHAJURE BHAVINI HINGU & DR. MEENAL PENDSE

ABSTRACT

The millennials constitute an important group of consumers. Therefore, to know how they behave has become an important issue. This paper aims to explain who the millennials are, to explain who belongs to this generational group and why they have become an attractive group for different social and economic sectors, by showing the most outstanding attitudes, tastes and buying behaviors. In this paper we present an integrative view of Millennials consumer behaviour towards online food. The main objective of this research is to study the purchasing behaviour of online food by millennials consumer. The findings contribute to the literature by providing a description of millennial consumers; showing in detailed the importance of this market segment and their buying behaviors.

Keywords: Millennials, online food, consumer behavior

5.1.11 WORLD

Area of Article : ECONOMICS

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PACKAGING INDUSTRY IN INDIA: A KEY ROLE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

DR. MAHADEV DATTU DONGARE

ABSTRACT

Packaging conscientiousness has key for mushroom the marketing lock up in Indian market. In achieving the deal of the product, the packaging has to besides save from harm the product, not merely from transit and bodily damage, but additionally from microbial and bacterial corrosion as good as climatic hazards, like heat, cold, moisture, ice etc. In this role, exceptionally with acknowledge to fodder product, packaging knowingly reduces the depletion of rations during the transit journey. Packaging be obliged to and identify, trace and mark out the product. patrons are at this time other than still conscious of manufactured goods bookshelf lives, item for consumption traceability to the packer / invention originator, enabling in force artifact ability to remember in instances anywhere outcome integrity is questionable. manufactured goods packaging acting quite a lot of notable functions which allow retail and trade. The functions of modern-day packaging exit beyond containing, defensive and preserving products. It furthermore includes functions to communicate, promote and implement products. Packaging provides numerous intuitive cues intended to impinge on patrons ‘perception of the result and talk into their behaviour.  This diligence in performance a imperative character in manufacturing sector in Indian economy. 

5.1.12 WORLD

Area of Article : HOME SCIENCE

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ANALYZING AND CONTRASTING B.P.L AND A.P.L SELF HELP GROUP IN ALMORA IN TERM OF NUTRITION AND HEALTH

DR. ARCHNA SAXENA

ABSTRACT

Self Help Group (SHG’s) are informal associations of people who choose to come together so that they can improve their living conditions, they are in fact a financial intermediary committee usually composed of 10-25 local women between the ages of 18 and 50.  People from their personal group for the purpose of saving and also land money among themselves. Ela Bhatt, who formed SEWA, organized poor and self employed women workers such as potters, hawkers etc in the unorganized sector, with the objective of enhancing their income. NABARD in 1992 formed the SHG bank linkage project, which is today the world’s largest microfinance project. This Self Help Group (SHG’s) creates group feeling among women and enhance the capabilities of women and develop collective decision making and encourage the habit of saving. India’s earliest self help group started in 1972 with the self employed women association in Ahmadabad working with poor, self employed women in the informal sector. The group tried to help these women get work, income and food security. In true sense SHG’s are an alternative to achieve the objective of rural development for the women’s participation is all rural programmes. These make the women socially and economically employed.

Keywords: Finance access Empowerment, Below Poverty Line, (B.P.L.), Above Poverty Line (A.P.L.)

5.1.13 WORLD

Area of Article : COMMERCE

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WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR- AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN ECONOMY

DR. AJAY SWARUP SAXENA

ABSTRACT

It is said that family is a chariot with wheels which are driven by both the male and female members of the family. If one of the wheels is lagging behind, the chariot i.e. the family will not be able to grow and develop. In the same way when we speak about a nation, the status of women in India has been changing due to growing industrialization, globalization, and social legislation. With the spread of education and awareness, women have shifted from kitchen to higher level of professional activities. Studies indicate that many women entrepreneurs are found working in difficult situations when compared to their male counterparts. Factors like political instability, poor infrastructure, high production costs and nonconductive business environment affect women entrepreneurs more than men. Now the Women entrepreneurship plays a dominant role in the economic development and makes significant contributions to the economic growth of the country. Now-a-days women enter not only in selected professions but also in professions like trade, industry and engineering. Women are also willing to take up business and contribute to the Nation’s growth. This paper presents a brief view of the role of women entrepreneurs in the economic development of our country

Key words: - Entrepreneur, Contributions, Indian economy, Development

5.1.1 वर्ल्ड

Area of Article : मराठी साहित्य

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आदिवासी वीरपुरुष

प्रा. संदीप भागु चपटे

ABSTRACT

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5.1.2 वर्ल्ड

Area of Article : शिक्षणशास्त्र

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स्त्री शिक्षणाची वाटचाल

डॉ. एस. एन. बरडे

ABSTRACT

       Hkkjrkrhy lektkpk tj fopkj dsyk rj vkiY;kyk Hkkjrh; lektkr iq:’k iz/kku    laL—rhpk ojp”ek fnlwu ;srks-  izkphu dkGkiklwu L=h;kauk nq¸;e LFkku fnY;k xsys vkgs-  L=h vkf.k iq:’k ákaP;kr usgehp HksnHkko dsY;k xsysyk vkgs-  vktgh vki.kkl gk Qjd fnlwu ;srks-  cÚ;kp o’kkZiklwu L=h vkf.k iq:’k ;kaP;krhy Qjdkph O;k[;k gh lkekftd n`’Vhdksukrwup dsyh vkgs]  ySafxdrsP;k n`"Vhdksukrwu dsyh vkgs  R;keqGs R;kr ,dizdkjph fo—rrk vk<Gwu ;srs-  ;kr iq:’kkauk usgehp mPp LFkku fnY;k xsys o L=h;kauk [kkyP;k ntkZps LFkku ns.;kr vkys-  Hkkjrh; lafo/kkukuqlkj L=h vkf.k iq:’kkauk leku vf/kdkj ns.;kr vkys vkgs-  R;kauk la/kh vkf.k laj{k.k ;kckcrhr leku gDd vkgs-

5.1.3 वर्ल्ड

Area of Article : समाजशास्त्र

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डॉ. आंबेडकर - एक प्रखर शिक्षाविद

डॉ. छाया आर. सूचक

ABSTRACT

Ç¢ò. ¥¢}Ï¢ïÇÜUÚ ç±E ÜUï }¢ã¢Ý ÐæÇç¼, ç±m¢Ý »±æ Ðí¶Ú çà¢ÿ¢¢à¢¢›è ƒï J ©ÝÜUè çà¢ÿ¢¢ Îïࢠ¼ƒ¢ ç±Îïࢢïæ }¢ïæ Ðꇢü ãé§ü ƒè J Ϣ脱èæ ࢼ¢ÏÎè ÜUï ¥¢Úæ|¢ }¢ïæ ÎçH¼ ±x¢ü …Ï¢ çà¢ÿ¢¢ ÿ¢ï~¢ }¢ïæ ©Ðïçÿ¢¼ ƒ¢, …Ï¢ ¥SÐëಱx¢ü ÜU¢ï 籯}¢ ÐçÚçSƒç¼ }¢ïæ ÚãÜUÚ ¿¢¢Ý ¥<…¼ ÜUÚÝ¢ ÐÇG¼¢ ƒ¢, ¼Ï¢ Ç¢ò. ¥¢}Ï¢ïÇÜUÚ Ýï „Ï¢„ï ¥ÓÀè çà¢ÿ¢¢ Ðí¢# ÜUÚ „}}¢¢çݼ ç±Eç±l¢H²¢ïæ „ï ÜU§ü ©Ð¢ç{²¢æ ìÚ¢# ÜUè J §Ý ©Ð¢ç{²¢ïæ  ÜUè …¢ï HæÏ¢è „é™è ãñ ±ã ©„ …}¢¢Ýï ÜUï çÜU„è „±‡¢ü }¢ã¢ÐêL¯ ÜU¢ï |¢è Ðí¢# Ýãèæ ã¢ï „ÜUè J Ç¢ò. ¥¢}Ï¢ïÇÜUÚ ÜUè ¿¢¢ÝH¢H„¢ ÜU¢ ãè Ðíç¼ÈUH ãñ çÜU ±ï ¿¢¢çݲ¢ïæ ÜU¢ Ú¢…¢ ÜUãH¢²ï …¢ „ÜU¼ï ãñæ J ¥ÝïÜU ࢢï{Ð~¢, ¥ÝïÜU ÐéS¼ÜUïæ, ¥ÝïÜU Hï¶, „ïç}¢Ý¢Ú¢ïæ }¢ïæ ÐÉï x¢²ï J ࢢï{çÝÏ¢æ{ ©ÝÜUè ¼ÜUü à¢çQU, Ðí}¢¢‡¢ ¶¢ï…è Ðí±ë眢 ÜUï ÐçÚ™¢²ÜU ãñ J …è±Ý ÜUï „|¢è ÿ¢ï~¢¢ïæ }¢ïæ ©ÜUï m¢Ú¢ çÜU²¢ x¢²¢ }¢ã¢Ý ÜU¢²ü H¢ïx¢¢ïæ ÜU¢ï ÐíïçÚ¼ ÜUÚ¼¢ ãñ J ç±à¢ï¯¼: çà¢ÿ¢¢ …x¢¼ }¢ïæ ¿¢¢Ý ÜU¢ ÐíÜU¢à¢ ÎïÝï ÜU¢ …¢ï ç±à¢ï¯ ÜU¢²ü ©‹ã¢ïæÝï  „}Ðó¢ çÜU²¢ ãñæ, ©„ÜU¢ §ç¼ã¢„ }¢ïæ ¥Ý‹² }¢ãy± ãñ J ©ÝÜUï x¢éM }¢ã¢y}¢¢ …¢ï¼èÏ¢¢ ÈUéHï Ýï 1856 }¢ïæ ÜU㢠ƒ¢ J

5.1.4 वर्ल्ड

Area of Article : साहित्य

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साहित्य आणि जीवननिष्ठा यांचा अनुबंध

प्रा. डॉ. यशोद श्रीमंतराव पाटील

ABSTRACT

जीवन हे एकसंध आहे. सोयीसाठी जरी आपण त्यांचे विभाग कल्पीत असलो तरी हे विभाग म्हणजे परस्परांपासून अलग असे कप्पे आहेत असे समजता कामा नये. याचे कारण असे की, साहित्य, कला, शास्त्र, व्यक्तिजीवन, व्यक्तीचे परस्परसंबंध, समाजधारणा इत्यादी सर्वांचा जीवनाच्या मुल्याशी आणि प्रत्यक्ष व्यवहाराशी प्रत्येक क्षणी संबंध येत असतो. या दृष्टीने जर पाहिले तर जीवन ही एक व्यापक वस्तू आहे आणि साहित्य हे त्या व्यापक वस्तूचा एक घटक आहे असे मानावे लागते.

5.1.5 वर्ल्ड

Area of Article : डॉ देवयानी चव्हाण

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राष्ट्रसंत तुकडोजी महाराजां चा वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोन

डॉ देवयानी चव्हाण

ABSTRACT

gkrkr [kaftjh vkf.k eq[kh Hktu ;kaP;k ek/;ekrwu ns’kHkDrh o nsoHkDrhpk lans’k ns.kkjs jk"Vªlar rqdMksth egkjkt dzazkrhdkjh lar gksrs-fonHkZokfl;kauk vfr’k; ifjp;kps] vkiqydhps vl.kkjs uko- lektkus R;kauk ^jk"Vªlar* gh inoh cgky dsyh- lk/kusP;k vR;qPp f’k[kjkojhy egku riLoh- fonHkkZrhy vejkorh ftYgîkrhy ;koyh ;k NksVîk’kk xkoh xjhc dqVqackr  30 ,fizy 1909 lkyh R;kapk tUe >kyk- vf’kf{kr ekf.kd vkMdksckthlkj[;k ln~xq:aP;k laiZdkr ;sÅu vkf.k fulZxkP;k lkfUu/;kr jkgwu vkiY;k J)k iz[kj d:u] vkiY;k e/kqj  ok.khus lektkyk ftadwu ?ksrys- vkarjjk"Vªh; /keZlHksps v/;{k f’ku fuxkeh Eg.kkys]^iape fo’o/keZ ifj"knsl vkysY;k izfrfu/khaae/;s lar rqdMksth egkjkt ;kauh vkiY;k mPp f’kykus] vizfre cqf)eRrsus o Js"BRokus yksdkaoj fo’ks"k Nki ikMyh- ekÖ;k ers] Hkkjrkps [kjs m)kjd vkgsr] rs egkizHkkoh Bjrhy*-lkjsp dls rdkZP;k ifydMps- dkj.k vkEgh ts rdkZusgh tk.kw ‘’kdyks ukgh] rs R;kauh vkiY;k dkO;krwu lektkleksj ekaMys- R;kaps dfoRo gs J`raHkjk izKsrwu vkysys] R;keqGsp R;kaps dkO; gs izklkfnd vkgs- R;kaps HkkaMoy dsoG R;kaph J)k o R;kaph fu"Bk- ijarq lektkP;k ewyHkwr izsj.ksyk tkx`r dj.;kps dke R;kaP;k J)sus o fu"Bsus dsys- gîkps iMlkn vkt dsoG Hkkjrkrp ukgh rj vf[ky fo’okr meVr vkgsr- rqdMksth egkjktkae/khy lxG;kr Hkko.kkjk xq.k dks.krk vlsy rj rks vkgs fdz;kf’kyrk- Lokeh foosdkuan ;kaP;k dk;kZ’kh] fopkjka’kh ukrs lkax.kkjs R;kaps fdz;k’khy larRo- laiw.kZ lektkyk] jk"Vªkyk fn’kk nk[kfo.kkjk gk uanknhi vkgs vls EgVY;kl okoxs gks.kkj ukgh- x:d`ispk efgek vikj vlrks- i.k xq:d`isus f’k";kykp xq#i.k izkIr Ogkos] gk efgekp U;kjk vkgs-larokM~-e;kr vls mPpdksVhps mnkgj.k c?kk;yk feGrs- f’k";Ro gh ekuoh vk;q";kph lq#okr vkgs] rj xq#Ro gk ijeksPPk fcanw- ,d lr~f’k"; ln~xq:inkyk iksgprks o laiw.kZ lektkph fn’kkp cnywu Vkdrks] gh ckc ikfgyh dh fdz;k’khy larRokps ekBsi.k y{kkr ;srs- xq:cÌyph HkDrh R;kaP;k lkfgR;kr inksinh vk<Grs-

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